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A high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) generates continuous positive pressure on the upper airway of infants. This study aimed to evaluate the association between pharyngeal pressure and flow rate, and association between pharyngeal pressure and body weight for two types of HFNC devices commonly used in preterm infants the Optiflow Junior, hereafter “FP” (Fisher & Paykel, Auckland, New Zealand), and the Precision Flow, hereafter “VT” (Vapotherm, Exeter, NH, USA).

Pharyngeal pressure measurements were performed in 12 preterm infants who received HFNC support. Flow rates of 1 to 4 L/kg/min were studied.

The median weight at the time of measurement was 1,290 g (range, 953-1,932 g). FP was used in eight infants and VT in four. In both the groups, the flow rate and pharyngeal pressure appeared to be positively correlated except for the premature cannula in the FP group. At a flow rate of ≥2L/kg/min, there was a positive correlation between the body weight and pharyngeal pressure in infants with premature and neonatal cannulas in the FP group. Conversely, at the same flow rate, there was a negative correlation between the body weight and pharyngeal pressure in infants with a SOLO cannula in the VT group.

In preterm infants, the flow rate and pharyngeal pressure were positively correlated in many cannulas of HFNC. However, the pharyngeal pressure and body weight appeared to be positively and negatively correlated in the FP and VT groups, respectively. Future studies with larger sample sizes should further investigate this issue.

In preterm infants, the flow rate and pharyngeal pressure were positively correlated in many cannulas of HFNC. However, the pharyngeal pressure and body weight appeared to be positively and negatively correlated in the FP and VT groups, respectively. Future studies with larger sample sizes should further investigate this issue.The potential for cancer-related risks to community members from ambient exposure to elongate mineral particles (EMPs) in taconite processing has not been formally evaluated. We evaluated 926 ambient air samples including 12,928 EMPs (particle structures with length-to-width ratio ≥31) collected over 26 years near a taconite processing facility in Silver Bay, Minnesota. Eighty-two percent of EMPs were ≤3 μm in length and 97% of EMPs had an average aspect ratio 5 μm and AR ≥31. Average ambient concentration of NIOSH countable amphibole EMPs over all years was 0.000387 EMPs per cubic centimeter (EMP/cm3 ). Of 12,765 nonchrysotile EMPs, the number of amphiboles with length and width dimensions that correlate best with asbestos-related carcinogenicity ranged from four (0.03%) to 13 (0.1%) and the associated ambient amphibole air concentrations ranged from 0.000003 to 0.000007 EMP/cm3 . After 65 years of taconite processing in Silver Bay, evidence of an increased risk of mesothelioma and lung cancer in community members who did not work in the taconite industry is lacking. The absence of an increased risk of asbestos-related cancer in the Silver Bay community is coherent with supporting evidence from epidemiological and toxicological studies, as well as ambient exposure data and lake sediment data collected in Minnesota Iron Range communities. Collectively, the data provide consistent evidence that nonasbestiform amphibole minerals lack the carcinogenic potential exhibited by amphibole asbestos.

As interest in reproductive genetic carrier screening rises, with increased availability, the role of healthcare practitioners is central in guiding uptake aligned with a couples’ values and beliefs. Therefore, practitioners’ views on implementation are critical to the success of any reproductive genetic carrier screening programme.

To explore healthcare practitioners’ perceptions of the barriers and enablers to implementation.

We undertook a systematic review of the literature searching seven databases using health practitioner, screening and implementation terms returning 490 articles.

Screening led to the inclusion of 26 articles for full-text review. We found three interconnected themes relating to reproductive genetic carrier screening (i) use and impact, (ii) practitioners’ beliefs and expectations and (iii) resources.

Barriers and enablers to implementation were present within each theme and grouping these determinants by (a) community for example lack of public interest, (b) practitioner for example lack of practitioner time and (c) organisation for example lack of effective metrics, reveals a preponderance of practitioner barriers and organisational enablers. Linking barriers with potential enablers leaves several barriers unresolved (e.g., costs for couples) implying additional interventions may be required.

Future research should draw on the findings from this study to develop and test strategies to facilitate appropriate offering of reproductive genetic carrier screening by healthcare practitioners.

Future research should draw on the findings from this study to develop and test strategies to facilitate appropriate offering of reproductive genetic carrier screening by healthcare practitioners.

Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) occurs seldomly, particularly in pregnancy, but has disastrous consequences for both mother and fetus. The focus of immediate surgical repair of type A aortic dissection due to higher mortality of patients is less clear in its counterpart, TBAD, in which management is controversial and debated. THZ531 price This article collates knowledge so far on this rare event during pregnancy.

A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Medline. Key search terms included “type B aortic dissection,” “pregnancy,” and corresponding synonyms. Non-English papers were excluded.

Risk factors for TBAD includeaortic wall stress due to hypertension, previous cardiac surgery, structural abnormalities (bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation), and connective tissue disorders. In pregnancy, pre-eclampsia is a cause of increased aortic wall stress. Management of this condition is often conservative, but this is dependent on a number of factors, including gestation, cardiovascular stability of the patient, and symptomology.