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The ICIQ-LUTS sexual scores were also improved after treatment at 4 weeks (2.29 ± 2.26 vs 0.88 ± 1.34; p  less then  0.001) and 12 weeks (2.13 ± 2.22 vs 0.42 ± 0.81; p  less then  0.001) compared with the baseline scores. No differences in ICIQ-LUTSqol and sexual scores were observed between the 4- and 12-week treatment groups. CONCLUSION The polycarbophil-based cream improved the overall LUTS and sexual symptoms in the patients with GSM, thus indicating that the nonhormonal polycarbophil-based cream may prove effective for the treatment for women with this condition.PURPOSE Previous studies assessing impact of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on mortality have shown conflicting results. We sought to assess the independent association of ARDS with in-hospital mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis. METHODS We studied two prospective sepsis cohorts drawn from the Early Assessment of Renal and Lung Injury (EARLI; n = 474) and Validating Acute Lung Injury markers for Diagnosis (VALID; n = 337) cohorts. ARDS was defined by Berlin criteria. We used logistic regression to compare in-hospital mortality in patients with and without ARDS, controlling for baseline severity of illness. We also estimated attributable mortality, adjusted for illness severity by stratification. RESULTS ARDS occurred in 195 EARLI patients (41%) and 99 VALID patients (29%). ARDS was independently associated with risk of hospital death in multivariate analysis, even after controlling for severity of illness, as measured by APACHE II (odds ratio [OR] 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 2.67), p = 0.04 in EARLI; OR 2.12 (CI 1.16, 3.92), p = 0.02 in VALID). Patients with severe ARDS (P/F  less then  100) primarily drove this relationship. The attributable mortality of ARDS was 27% (CI 14%, 37%) in EARLI and 37% (CI 10%, 51%) in VALID. ARDS was independently associated with ICU mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and ventilator-free days. CONCLUSIONS Development of ARDS among ICU patients with sepsis confers increased risk of ICU and in-hospital mortality in addition to other important outcomes. Clinical trials targeting patients with severe ARDS will be best poised to detect measurable differences in these outcomes.Due to its superior soft tissue contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for many radiotherapy treatment indications. This is especially true for treatment planning in intracranial tumors, where MRI has a long-standing history for target delineation in clinical practice. Despite its routine use, care has to be taken when selecting and acquiring MRI studies for the purpose of radiotherapy treatment planning. Requirements on MRI are particularly demanding for intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy, where accurate imaging has a critical role in treatment success. However, MR images acquired for routine radiological assessment are frequently unsuitable for high-precision stereotactic radiotherapy as the requirements for imaging are significantly different for radiotherapy planning and diagnostic radiology. To assure that optimal imaging is used for treatment planning, the radiation oncologist needs proper knowledge of the most important requirements concerning the use of MRI in brain stereotactic radiotherapy. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant issues when using MR images for target volume delineation in intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy.BACKGROUND The disease burden of actinic keratoses and keratinocyte carcinoma can be reduced by primary and secondary prevention. However, these measures are often poorly received, especially among the high-risk group of outdoor workers. OBJECTIVES The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate whether an improvement in sun protection and awareness of skin changes could be observed among the study population, especially outdoor workers, one year after a prevention campaign focusing on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2017, all participants who initially participated in a study at the Bavarian Central Agricultural Festival 2016 and agreed to participate in the follow-up study were contacted by mail and received the same questionnaire and evaluation questions regarding possible behavioral changes. RESULTS A total of 400 people took part in the follow-up study (response rate 52.8%). Of the 240 outdoor workers, 45.0% said they were more conscious of protecting themselves from the sun and 68.8% said they were more aware of skin changes. About 85.0% of outdoor workers indicated that they would consult a dermatologist earlier and 65.8% desired further prevention campaigns regarding skin cancer and sun protection. CONCLUSION Overall, the majority of participants reported that they had improved sun protection behavior and awareness of skin changes after the intervention. Based on the participants’ self-disclosure, especially outdoor workers tended to use sun protection measure more frequently. These findings underline the importance of target group-oriented awareness and prevention campaigns to reduce the burden of skin cancer.PURPOSE To study the feasibility of the in vivo [18F]-DPA-714 TSPO positron emission tomography (PET) to detect glial activation in a rat model of progressive parkinsonism induced by viral-mediated overexpression of A53T mutated human α-synuclein (hα-syn) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a model of progressive parkinsonism. Bilateral intranigral injections with 2/9 adeno-associated viral vectors encoding either hα-syn (AAV-hα-syn) or green fluorescent protein (AAV-GFP) were performed in rats (n = 60). In vivo [18F]-DPA-714 PET imaging was performed at different time points after inoculation (p.i.) of the viral vector (24 and 72 h and 1, 2, 3, and 16 weeks). Images were analyzed to compute values of binding potential (BP) in the SNpc and striatum using a volume of interest (VOI) analysis. Immunohistochemistry of markers of dopaminergic degeneration (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)), microglia (Iba-1), and astrocytes (GFAP) was carried out. BTK inhibitor research buy Binding potential (BP) of [18F]-DPA-714 PET in the in vivo PET study was correlated with post-mortem histological markers.