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However, only Pb increased its mobility during transformation. Some elements, such as Cd and Co, had higher contents of exchangeable fractions compared to other metals and can be relatively easily released into water with slight geochemical changes, greatly affecting the environments of ecological systems.Nanomaterials (NMs) have received tremendous attention as emerging adsorbents for environmental applications. The ever-increasing release into aquatic systems and the potential use in water treatment processes heighten the likelihood of the interactions of NMs with aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM). Once DOM is adsorbed on NMs, it substantially modifies the surface properties, thus altering the fate and transport of NMs, as well as their toxic effects on (micro)organisms in natural and engineered systems. The environmental consequences of DOM-NMs interaction have been widely studied in the literature. In Ceritinib research buy , a comprehensive understanding of DOM-NM complexes, particularly regarding the controlling factors, is still lacking, and its significance has been largely overlooked. This gap in the knowledge mainly arises from the complex and heterogeneous structures of the DOM, which prompts the urgent need to further characterize the DOM properties to deepen the understanding associated with the adsorption processes on NMs. This review aims to provide in-depth insights into the complex DOM adsorption behavior onto NMs, whether they are metal- or carbon-based materials. First, we summarize the up-to-date analytical methods to characterize the DOM to unravel the underlying adsorption mechanisms. Second, the key DOM characteristics governing the adsorption processes are discussed. Next, the environmental factors, such as the nature of adsorbents and solution chemistry, affecting the DOM-NM interactions, are identified and discussed. Finally, future studies are recommended to fully understand the chemical traits of DOM upon its adsorption onto NMs.The soil pollution emerging from mining action is a major environmental concern, the finding of biological resolution for these disputes is substantial to reduce and recover metal harmfulness and spreading. Hence, this research was designed to appraise the phytoremediation capability of short-term cereal crops on magnesite mine tailing. Many sources reported that it took several months or a year for phytoremediation process. We provided for the first time the removal of metals from mine tailing in a shorter period at 56 days and obtained a huge percentage of removal results states that out of 14 crops, 7 crops such as J. curcas (47.2-72.3%), R. communis (41.7-67.1%), M. uniflorum (42.1-58.4%), O. sativa (35.6-61.5%), V. ungiculata (39.3-67.5%), P. glaucum (37.3-58.9%), and G. hirsutum (45.5-68.2%) removed in the range of 35.6-72.3% from the tailing of magnesite mine. Besides that, this results also alarming us the possibilities of entering these metals into the human and animals through consumption of foods derived from these types of crops cultivated from metal polluted soil.A plant bionic in situ soil remediation system was designed to rehabilitate acidic cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil in a high geological background area, Kaihua County of Zhejiang Province in China. In this system, citric acid, an environmental-friendly organic compound, was adopted to activate soil Cd. The soil solution was driven into the plant bionic root using a solar powered simulated transpiration system. Activated Cd in the soil solution was adsorbed by the modified polyurethane foam (DTC-LPEI-PUF) in the bionic root. Under the acidic conditions caused by citric acid (pH = 4.5), DTC-LPEI-PUF could effectively adsorb Cd, and the adsorption rate reached equilibrium after 5 h. Theoretical calculations suggested that the absorption behavior followed pseudo -second order kinetics, and the saturated adsorption capacity of Cd by DTC-LPEI-PUF was 89.05 mg/g, obeying Langmuir isothermal adsorption models. In addition, the main ions in soil, such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), had little effect on the adsorption by DTC-LPEI-PUF. However, iron ions (Fe3+) significantly influenced the adsorption of Cd by DTC-LPEI-PUF. After 28 d of an in situ remediation, the total contents of Cd in contaminated soil declined from 3.63 mg/kg to 2.69 mg/kg, i.e., 26% of the total Cd was removed. In addition, after remediation, the removal of available Cd reached 47%. Our results demonstrate that the proposed plant bionic in situ remediation system has a promising prospect for application to rehabilitate Cd-contaminated soil in a high geological background area, although the technology needs further improvement.An essential strategy to eliminate emerging contamination in water is to initiate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the catalytic systems. 0.14 wt.% Au loaded Bi2WO6 (Bi2WO6/Au-400 °C) was fabricated after 400 °C annealing with the assistance of glutathione for Au atom anchoring and stabilization on Bi2WO6 surface. Bimodal Au size distribution of highly dispersed small size clusters (0.5 ± 0.1 nm) and large size nanoparticles (6.3 ± 1.0 nm) simultaneously existed on Bi2WO6 nanosheets in Bi2WO6/Au-400 °C, which were verified through high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). #link# 95% of ofloxacin (OFX) was degraded over Bi2WO6/Au-400 °C in 180 min under visible light irradiation with a reaction constant of 24.5 × 10-3 min-1, which showed 3.0 and 2.5-fold enhancement compared with bare Bi2WO6 and unimodal Bi2WO6/Au-500 °C (annealed at 500 °C, Au NPs (8.6 ± 1.0 nm)), respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity originated from the additional ROS production that initiated by photo-induced electron transported from small Au clusters to large Au NPs through the conduction band of Bi2WO6. Moreover, it still maintained a good stability after five cycling performance and the total cost of 10 g Bi2WO6/Au-400 °C was estimated to be 6.78 $. Lower-content of bimodal Au NPs decorated Bi2WO6 catalyst possesses high efficiency to degrade pollutant and lower cost, which provides a promising alternative in practical environmental remediation by photocatalysis.