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  • Muir Simmons posted an update 1 week, 2 days ago

    Extradigital glomus tumour is uncommon, little-known outside of its subungual location, and may present without its classic triad of tenderness, cold sensitivity and paroxysmal pain. Imaging is non-specific and diagnosis is often delayed, sometimes for years, leading to unnecessary morbidity. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, although technique depends on case specifics. Histological subtypes depend on the relative prominence of glomus cells, vascular structures and smooth muscle. The vast majority of glomus tumours are benign. We highlight the importance of considering extradigital glomus tumours when generating differential diagnoses of an atypical painful lesion in a variety of clinical specialties.Malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) are malignancies of the mesothelium, with primary deposits originating in the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and the tunica vaginalis (ie, testicular). Metastatic spread is commonly reported to affect the liver, adrenal glands, kidney and contralateral lung (in cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma). Metastases to distant sites are uncommon. Spread to the oral cavity in particular is very rare. A total of 23 cases of metastatic spread to the oral cavity have been reported in the literature to date; of those, 9 cases have been to the tongue. Given the rarity of the site of metastasis, the management remains challenging. This case highlights a rare site of metastasis in MM, discusses treatment options available and briefly talks about technical limitations in treating a mobile structure such as the tongue. Good palliative and supportive care is crucial in managing cases where no curative treatment is possible.We describe a case of a 48-year-old woman who presented with acute respiratory failure due to diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and acute renal failure due to pauci-immune glomerulonephritis consistent with a new diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The patient had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection 6 weeks before MPA diagnosis and had stopped immunosuppression for her rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at that time. The patient was treated with pulse intravenous steroids, plasma exchange therapy and rituximab, which induced remission of her illness. This case highlights a timely dilemma of holding immunosuppression in a RA patient with low disease activity on combination therapy with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the potential risk of developing an additional autoimmune disease, such as vasculitis, given their existing autoimmunity due to RA.A 41-year-old man was admitted to hospital with 7-day history of fever, cough and having had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. The chest radiograph (CXR) showed bilateral peripheral parenchymal infiltrates. He required 4 L/min oxygen via nasal cannula for 72 hours and was discharged after 7 days with appropriate advice. Four weeks from initial hospital admission, he presented with worsening cough, left chest pain and breathlessness. CXR showed left pneumothorax, and CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) scan confirmed left pneumothorax with mediastinal shift and a subpleural bulla. Intercostal chest drain was inserted with good resolution of symptoms and lung re-expansion. Follow-up CT scan 2 months later showed complete resolution of the parenchymal abnormalities. Our case demonstrates the development of pneumothorax as a delayed complication in a patient with COVID-19 who did not require ventilatory support. The case also illustrates a favourable outcome, that is, complete resolution of parenchymal destruction due to COVID-19.Benign metastasising leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease in which histologically benign uterine fibroids spread throughout the body. It is thought to originate from the hematogenous metastasis of myoma cells following myomectomy. To date, BML has been noted in patients with respiratory symptoms, even during regular checkups. There are few case reports of co-occurrence with gynaecological cancer. We report the case of a suspected stage IVb carcinoma based on preoperative examination for endometrial cancer, that indicated lung metastasis. However, postoperative pathology revealed a grade 1, pT1a pN0 tumour. We suspected BML based on the discrepant findings and history of myomectomy, and this was confirmed by lung biopsy. In metastatic lesions of a carcinoma patient with a history of myomectomy, the co-occurrence of BML should be considered when there is discrepancy between the preoperative suspected stage and postoperative pathology.Persistent migraine aura without infarction is a rare but debilitating condition. Treatment options are mostly anecdotal and limited due to inefficacy and side effects. We present a 16-year-old female patient with triple X syndrome, having persistent aura symptoms for over 2 years, consisting of continuous visual and sensory sensations. Previous treatments with seven different migraine preventatives were not successful. The patient successfully responded to zonisamide against refractory prolonged aura and remained symptom-free under the ongoing treatment without any relevant side effects. Zonisamide may be considered a new and safe treatment option for patients with persistent migraine aura.Severe anaemia in patients who cannot receive blood transfusion is an indication for the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). Most reports of the use of HBO for anaemia involve patients with acute blood loss. This report details a case of HBO used for a patient with severe pernicious anaemia. A 35-year-old Jehovah’s Witnesses believer presented to a hospital with fatigue, dyspnoea and haemoglobin of 26 g/L. She was diagnosed with pernicious anaemia. Selleckchem AT406 As she could not receive blood transfusion due to her religious beliefs, vitamin B12 supplementation and HBO were administered and resulted in significant improvement in her condition. The mechanisms of action of HBO, including increased systemic plasma oxygenation, can alleviate signs and symptoms of anaemia regardless of its aetiology. HBO administration can greatly enhance the plasma arterial oxygen content, leading to clinical improvement in patients with anaemia who cannot receive blood transfusion.

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