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The review highlights the recent advances in the field of AD research and showed that still the battle for the discovery of an effective drug for AD is in process and AD still remains an incurable disease for which treatment is just palliative.

The review might be helpful for researchers working on multi target directed ligands against AD.

The review might be helpful for researchers working on multi target directed ligands against AD.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Its pathogenesis is closely related to insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Due to the complex pathogenesis, There are no specific medications for treating NAFLD. The most effective way to treat NAFLD is to lose weight through diet intervention and exercise, but a large number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that a variety of natural drugs can interfere with NAFLD through many mechanisms, and the curative effect is remarkable. This paper reviews the action mechanism of crude extracts of medicinal plants (Polygonum multiflorum, Artemisia annua leaves, and Artemisia annua leaves) and natural products such as berberine (BBR), curcumin, betulinic acid (BA), ginsenoside Rg1 (G-rg1), and silybin on NAFLD, which aims to provide useful information for further research and development of new drugs to improve the cure rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver.Background Official development assistance (ODA) is one of the most important means for donor countries to foster diplomatic relations with low- and middle-income countries and contribute to the welfare of the international community.Objective This study estimated the sectoral allocation of gross disbursements of ODA of the 29 Development Assistance Committee (DAC) member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for the duration of 2011 to 2018, by aid type (bilateral, multilateral, and both aids).Methods Data from the OECD iLibrary were used. The sector definition was based on the OECD sector classification. For core funding to multilateral agencies that do not specialize in each aid sector, we estimated ODA and its flows based on the OECD methodology for calculating imputed multilateral ODA.Results For all 29 countries, during the period of 2014-2018 where data were available for all the countries, the sector with the highest average annual ODA contribution was health at 20.34 billion USD (13.21%), followed by humanitarian aid at 18.04 billion (11.72%). Humanitarian aid has increased in the sectoral share rankings in both bilateral and multilateral aid, and the sectoral share for refugees in donor countries has increased in bilateral aid. While the 29 countries show relatively similar trends for sectoral shares, some countries and sectors display unique trends. Trichostatin A For instance, infrastructure and energy sectors in bilateral aid of Japan are particularly high accounts for 48.48% of the total bilateral ODA of the country in 2018.Conclusions This paper evaluated ODA trends by major donors of DAC countries in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic periods. We hope that our estimates will contribute to the review of the strategic decision-making and the effective implementation of future ODA policy discussions in the DAC countries while ensuring transparency.Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has caused global mental health impacts, and healthcare workers (HCWs) face an increased risk of exposure to the disease when compared to the general population. This study aimed to assess factors associated with mental health among Lebanese HCWs six months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs at a tertiary hospital, in Lebanon between June and July 2020. The survey included data on demographics, exposure to COVID-19, preparedness to COVID-19 outbreak, risk perceptions of COVID-19, and mental health dimensions. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used to understand the association among these variables. One hundred and ninety-three of 1,600 Lebanese HCWs participated. More than 80% reported high preparedness levels towards the COVID-19 outbreak, 69% believed that their job was putting them at risk, and 70% altruistically accepted these risks. Anxiety and depression symptomatology were present in 24% and 23% of HCWs; who were more likely to feel more stress at work (83% vs 60%; p = 0.004; 82% vs 61%; p = 0.01, respectively), feel afraid of falling ill (72% vs 55%; p = 0.03; 77% vs 54%; p = 0.01, respectively), fear death (21% vs 7%; p = 0.01; 25% vs 6%; p ≤ 0.001, respectively), and believed that people avoided their families (39% vs 21%; p = 0.01; 35% vs 65%; p = 0.02, respectively). HCWs who reported signs of depression were less likely to altruistically accept the risks of caring for COVID-19 patients, compared to those who did not (57% vs 74%; p = 0.03). This study aimed to detect factors associated with mental health among Lebanese HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggested that altruistic acceptance of COVID-19 risks is higher among HCWs with positive exposure history to COVID-19 and those with less depressive symptomatology.This study investigated the effects of feeding paraprobiotics obtained by six processes [heat, ultrasound, high pH, low pH, irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2)] on biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota of Wistar male rats. Daily administration of paraprobiotics did not affect (p ≥ 0.05) the food intake, body weight, glucose and triglycerides levels, expression of antioxidant enzymes or thermal shock proteins in comparison to the control. Bifidobacterium lactis inactivated by irradiation and supercritical CO2 decreased the total cholesterol levels in serum (p  less then  0.05). Bifidobacterium lactis inactivated by supercritical CO2 increased the albumin and creatinine levels, while decreased the HDL-cholesterol levels (p  less then  0.05). Clostridiales (45.6-56%), Bacteroidales (31.9-44.2%) and Lactobacillales (3.9-7.8%) corresponded to the major orders in paraprobiotic groups. The properties of paraprobiotics are dependent on the method of inactivation, the intensity of the method employed and on the strain used.