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67; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.72 for moderate-severe PTS and 0.70; 0.64 to 0.77 for severe PTS). An updated model with age as an additional variable performed similarly to the original model. CONCLUSION We externally validated the SOX-PTS score for estimating the risk of developing PTS, moderate to severe PTS, and severe PTS, in patients with proximal DVT. The score may be useful to predict PTS at the time of DVT diagnosis. Further external validation in different patient cohorts is required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION The empathetic behaviour of dentists is essential for perfect patient care. Because the behaviour of child patients in a dental clinic differs from that exhibited by the adults, knowing of empathy of dental students towards the child in the dental clinic is an important concern. METHODS We distributed a modified form of the Health Professions Student version (HPS-version) of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) to dental students in two rounds (R1) before and (R2) after introducing behaviour guidance subcourse and exposure to 3 clinical experiences with children to measure changes in empathy of dental students towards child patients. The modifications include replacing the “patient” words with “child patients” and translation into Arabic. We checked the internal consistency of the modified form of HPS-version by Cronbach’s coefficient alpha test. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical analyses. RESULTS Out of eighty-one, sixty-five dental students completed the survey and attended a behaviour guidance course and three clinical sessions. The questionnaire showed accepted reliability. There was a significant decrease in the empathy of dental students in R2 than R1 (P  less then  .05). The level of empathy for males was less than female students in both rounds (P  less then  .05). CONCLUSIONS The clinical interaction of children by dental students inhibits their empathy towards child patients, and a specific training course is needed to improve dental students’ empathy towards children since learning behaviour guidance may not sufficient. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Oral cancer is one of the highly prevalent cancers in many parts of the world. The last release of the GLOBOCAN database (http//globocan.iarc.fr/) reported over 350,000 new cases and over 170,000 deaths among both males and females of all ages in 2018. Notably, more than half of the cases are contributed by Asia (64.2%), with 227,906 new cases and 129,929 number of deaths recorded in 2018. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Vibrio spp. play a vital role in the recycling of chitin in oceans, but several Vibrio strains are highly infectious to aquatic animals and humans. These bacteria require chitin for growth; thus, potent inhibitors of chitin-degrading enzymes could serve as candidate drugs against Vibrio infections. This study examined NAG-thiazoline (NGT)-mediated inhibition of a recombinantly expressed GH20 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, namely VhGlcNAcase from Vibrio campbellii (formerly V. harveyi) ATCC BAA-1116. NGT strongly inhibited VhGlcNAcase with an IC50 of 11.9 ± 1.0 μm and Ki 62 ± 3 µm, respectively. NGT was also found to completely inhibit the growth of V. campbellii strain 650 with an minimal inhibitory concentration value of 0.5 µm. ITC data analysis showed direct binding of NGT to VhGlcNAcase with a Kd of 32 ± 1.2 μm. The observed ΔG°binding of -7.56 kcal·mol-1 is the result of a large negative enthalpy change and a small positive entropic compensation, suggesting that NGT binding is enthalpy-driven. The structural complex shows that NGT fully occupies the substrate-binding pocket of VhGlcNAcase and makes an exclusive hydrogen bond network, as well as hydrophobic interactions with the conserved residues around the -1 subsite. Our results strongly suggest that NGT could serve as an excellent scaffold for further development of antimicrobial agents against Vibrio infections. DATABASE Structural data are available in PDB database under the accession number 6K35. © 2020 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of maternal and child overweight status across multiple time-points with liver fat content in the offspring during young adulthood. DESIGN Cohort study SETTING ELEMENT Cohort in Mexico City POPULATION Pregnant women with singleton births (n = 97) METHODS We quantified hepatic triglyceride content (liver fat content) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and conventional T2-weighted MRIs (3T scanner) in 97 young adults from the ELEMENT birth cohort in Mexico City. GSK3368715 price Historical records of the cohort were used as a source of pregnancy, childhood and adolescence anthropometric information, overweight and obesity (OWOB) were defined. Adjusted structural equation models were run to identify the association between OWOB in different life stages with liver fat content (log-transformed) in young adulthood. MAIN OUTCOME Maternal OWOB at the time of delivery was directly and indirectly associated with the liver fat content in the offspring at young adulthood. RESULTS Seventeen percent of the participants were classified as having NAFLD. We found a strong association of OWOB between all periods assessed. Maternal OWOB at time of delivery (β=1.97 95%CI 1.28, 3.05), and OWOB status in the offspring at young adulthood (β=3.17, 95%CI 2.10, 4.77) were directly associated with the liver fat content in the offspring. Also, maternal OWOB was indirectly associated with liver fat content through offspring OWOB status. CONCLUSION We found that maternal OWOB status is related to fatty liver content in the offspring as young adults, even after taking into account OWOB status and lifestyle factors in the offspring. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS A multidisciplinary approach was used to compare phenolic composition, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity of propolis samples from different geographical localities, and plant resin against various microorganisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Using UHPLC-qqqMS quantitative analysis, 28 phenolic compounds were determined. Caffeic and p-coumaric acids were identified as main phenolic acids in poplar propolis samples, except samples from Russia (P6) and China (P7). Radical scavenging activity (applying DPPH spectrophotometric assay) showed the highest activity of Serbian (40·51%) and Chinese (53·21%) propolis samples. Broth microdilution method was used for the oral cavity, fungal phytopathogenic and human vaginal isolates which have been identified at a molecular level. The most sensitive bacterial isolates were Lactobacillus acidophilus (MIC of 0·03-0·13 mg ml-1 ) and the oral streptococci isolates (MIC values of 0·19-0·13 mg ml-1 ). The most sensitive fungal phytopathogenic isolate was Fusarium oxysporum (MIC 0·003 mg ml-1 ).