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Background and Objectives Most cases of Kawasaki disease (KD) occur between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. Differences in immunological reaction and CAL (coronary artery lesion) by the age subgroups classified according to the prevalence of KD and those particularly in the earlier life of KD should be investigated. Materials and Methods The laboratory data of 223 infantile and 681 non-infantile KD cases from 2003 to 2018 at Korea University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with KD were divided into infants and non-infants and further subdivided into four subgroups by age. The age-adjusted Z-values were compared among the subgroups. Febrile controls were identified as patients with fever for >5 days and who showed some of the KD symptoms. Results IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) resistance at the age of 6 months or less was significantly lower than that at the ages of 7-12 months and 13-60 months (respectively, p less then 0.05). The significant risk factors for CAL in total KD patients were age, incomplete KD, post-IVIG fever, IVIG resistance, convalescent Z-eosinophil, and subacute platelet (p less then 0.05). The significant risk factors for CAL at the age of 6 months or less were IVIG resistance, acute Z-neutrophil, subacute Z-neutrophil, subacute NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), and subacute platelet (respectively, p less then 0.05). Conclusion Younger age and incomplete presentation in KD can be independent risk factors for CAL. The immune reactions of KD at a younger age are more tolerated compared with those at older ages during the acute phase. The immune response at the age of 6 months or less showed immune tolerance in terms of incomplete presentation and IVIG responsiveness. The risk factors such as IVIG resistance, subacute platelet, subacute NLR, and acute or subacute Z-neutrophil at the age of 6 months or less can be very useful parameters to predict CAL in young, incomplete KD.Treatments of crops with additives to increase their productivity may pose environmental risks and induce negative effects also on non-target organisms. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of chestnut wood distillate (pyroligneous acid) used in agriculture, on the accumulation of trace elements in aquatic plants. As a model species, the common water fern Azolla filiculoides Lam. was selected, being often used also in phytoremediation processes. The content of selected elements of toxicological concern (As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) was assessed in the fern after short-term treatments (1-3 days) over a range of wood distillate concentrations 1300 (3.33 mL/L), 1500 (2.00 mL/L), 1700 (1.43 mL/L). A statistically significant accumulation of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn (1700) and Pb (1300) was recorded after three days of incubation, despite the concentrations remained overall low. Using treatment vs. control ratios, a trend of increasing temporal uptake was detected for As, Ba, Fe, Mn, Pb (1700); Mn, Pb (1500), and only Pb at 1300. The results suggested that, under the experimental conditions, element uptake is positively influenced by time and negatively by increasing concentrations of wood distillate, likely due to the acidification of the medium. On the whole, the element concentrations measured in A. filiculoides were low and did not pose any toxicological concern.Adolescence is a vulnerable period for depressive and anxious symptom development, and emotion regulation (ER) may be one mechanism linking temperament-i.e., positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA)-with such symptomatology. Sonidegib research buy Rumination is a common ER strategy that is traditionally assessed using self-reported questionnaires, but it would also be interesting to examine it with an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) approach. Sixty-five adolescents (Mage = 14.69; SDage = 0.82; range = 14-17 years old; 53.80% girls) completed self-report measures of temperament, ER style, depression and anxiety, and underwent an EMA to investigate rumination use. Results revealed that negative ER style and rumination use mediated the relationship between NA and depression, while only rumination use mediated the relationship between PA and depression. Moreover, NA contributed to increase anxiety, but negative ER style did not significantly mediate this relationship. Rumination use also had no effect on anxiety. This study provides further support for the relationship between temperament, ER, and internalizing problems. It seems that both a negative ER style and rumination use mediate the relationship between NA and depression whereas only NA had a significant direct effect on anxiety. Furthermore, PA buffered the effect of rumination use on depression in this study.RWP-RK is a plant-specific family of transcription factors, involved in nitrate response, gametogenesis, and nodulation. However, genome-wide characterization, phylogeny, and the regulation of RWP-RK genes in the nodulating and non-nodulating plant species of nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC) are widely unknown. Therefore, we identified a total of 292 RWP-RKs, including 278 RWP-RKs from 25 NFC species and 14 RWP-RKs from the outgroup, Arabidopsis thaliana. We classified the 292 RWP-RKs in two subfamilies the NIN-like proteins (NLPs) and the RWP-RK domain proteins (RKDs). The transcriptome and phylogenetic analysis of RWP-RKs suggested that, compared to RKD genes, the NLP genes were just upregulated in nitrate response and nodulation. Moreover, nodule-specific NLP genes of some nodulating NFC species may have a common ancestor (OG0002084) with AtNLP genes in A. thaliana. Further, co-expression networks of A.thaliana under N-starvation and N-supplementation conditions revealed that there is a higher correlation between expression of AtNLP genes and symbiotic genes during N-starvation. In P. vulgaris, we confirmed that N-starvation stimulated nodulation by regulating expression of PvNLP2, closely related to AtNLP6 and AtNLP7 with another common origin (OG0004041). Taken together, we concluded that different origins of the NLP genes involved in both N-starvation response and specific expression of nodulation would contribute to the evolution of nodulation in NFC plant species. Our results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of NLP genes and their differential regulation in nitrate response of A. thaliana and nodulation of NFC.